History & culture of english speakers countries🇬🇧♥

EXECUTIVE BRANCH: Executive branch:  chief of state:  Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES, son of the queen (born 14 November 1948) head of government:  Prime Minister Theresa MAY (Conservative) (since 13 July 2016) cabinet:  Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections/appointments:  the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; election last held on 8 June 2017 (next to be held by 5 May 2022) LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: description : bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of December 2016, 809 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 692 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commissi...

IRA The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA or Provisional IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate the reunification of Ireland and bring about an independent socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland It was the biggest and most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the successor to the original IRA and called itself simply the Irish Republican Army (IRA), or Óglaigh na hÉireann in Irish,and was broadly referred to as such by others. The IRA was designated an unlawful terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and an unlawful organisation in the Republic of Ireland. BLOODY SUNDAY Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogside Massacre – was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, when British soldiers shot 28 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest march against internment. Fourteen people died: thirteen w...

Primary Education Primary education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system.  Secondary Education From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional. Further Education Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education. Higher Education The UK has a vast variety of higher education opportunities to offer students with over 100 universities offering various degree programs for students from the UK and around the world. In the UK about one-third of all students go on to some form of higher education and this n...

HOUSE OF COMMONS House of Commons , also called Commons , popularly elected legislative body of the bicameral British Parliament . Although it is technically the lower house, the House of Commons is predominant over the House of Lords , and the name “Parliament” is often used to refer to the House of Commons alone. The origins of the House of Commons date from the second half of the 13th century, when landholders and other property owners in the counties and towns began sending representatives to Parliament to present grievances and petitions to the king and to accept commitments to the payment of taxes. The House of Commons is the effective legislative authority in Great Britain. It alone has the right to impose taxes and to vote money to, or withhold it from, the various public departments and services. Members of the House of Commons must be 18 years of age or older. Peers of England, Scotland, or the United Kingdom may not be elected to the House of Commons, though I...

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (November 30, 1874, to January 24, 1965) was a British politician, military officer, and writer who served as the prime minister of Great Britain from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955. In 1900, Churchill became a member of Parliament in the Conservative Party for Oldham, a town in Manchester.  Unconvinced that the Conservative Party was committed to social justice, Churchill switched to the Liberal Party in 1904 After becoming prime minister in 1940, Churchill helped lead a successful Allied strategy with the U.S. and Soviet Union during World War II to defeat the Axis powers and craft post-war peace. On January 15, 1965, Churchill suffered a severe stroke that left him gravely ill. He died at his London home nine days later, on January 24, 1965, at age 90.  

Because White British people are the largest ethnic group in the UK, other ethnicities are sometimes referred to as 'ethnic minorities'. As well as Black, Asian, Mixed/Multiple and other more specific categories of ethnicity, the ethnic minorities in the UK include members of White minorities, such as those from either an Irish or a Gypsy background. Terms such as ethnic minority, BME (Black and minority ethnic) and BAME (Black, Asian, and minority ethnic) are often used interchangeably. In line with the  ONS style guide  , we use the term ethnic minorities rather than BME or BAME.

Contemporary society is characterised by at least three fundamental directions: ·          increasing human interconnection  through a network of relationships that is progressively covering the whole planet; ·          the pace and depth of the evolution of human ways of life  determined by technological innovation represent an absolute novelty in human history; ·          the scale of  anthropological and ecological transformation  due to the interaction between  evolutionary factors  (social, cultural, economic, and technological) has no historical precedent. Improvement of life conditions The overall improvement in life conditions and the role of technologies now available have contributed to increase  gross domestic product  per capita by one and a half times in less than half a century (1960–2005) Life...