UK & IRELAND MOUNTAINS








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Anglo-Saxon institutions

The people where divided into two classes: the 'eorls', or nobles, and the 'ceorls', or freeman; but in some parts of the country a third class, the 'laets', or tributary dependents, were recognized, and there were also the slaves.  An ordinary freeman owned what was called a 'hide', an area of land usually reckoned as sufficient to mantain the owner's household and family in comfortable circumstances. A hundred 'hides' formed a unit known as a 'Hundred'. These 'Hundreds' were presided over by a headman known as a 'reeve'; and in later days, when the large shires or counties began to appear, there was a 'shire-reeve' (sheriff).  Each 'hide' provided employment and subsistence for a large number of 'laets' and slaves. The King had his 'thegns' or ministers, and his particular retinue of friends. He ruled through a sort of parliament, called the 'Witan', or 'Witan-Ge...
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FIRST AND SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , early in the American Revolution . It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament , which the British referred to as the Coercive Acts, with which the British intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party . The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end, they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances. The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Their appeal to the Crown had no effect, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defen...
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Causes of the civil war

Imatge
Feeling excluded from the political system, they turned to the only alternative they believed was left to them: secession, a political decision that led directly to war.  A common explanation is that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery. In fact, it was the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the conflict. A key issue was states' rights. The Southern states wanted to assert their authority over the federal government so they could abolish federal laws they didn't support, especially laws interfering with the South's right to keep slaves and take them wherever they wished. Another factor was territorial expansion. The South wished to take slavery into the western territories, while the North was committed to keeping them open to white labor alone. Meanwhile, the newly formed Republican party, whose members were strongly opposed to the westward expansion of slavery into new states, was gaining pro...
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