ELIZABHET I


                               
                                
                                  -Church laws:


The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. This response, described as "The Revolution of 1559", was set out in two Acts. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, with Parliament conferring on Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England, while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 outlined what form the English Church should take, including the re-establishment of the Book of Common Prayer.



-Trade:

  • 1581 the Turkey Company was formed, and in 1592 it merged with the Venice Company (founded 1583) to form the Levant Company. It obtained a patent from Elizabeth I for the exclusive right to trade in currants (dried white grapes, i.e. golden raisins). The Company also purchased wine, cotton and silk from the Eastern Mediterranean.
  • 1585 The Barbary Company (formed in 1551 to trade with North Africa) was granted a monopoly by Elizabeth. The Barbary Coast (modern-day Morocco) was the main source of sugar for the English market, until the development of the West Indies sugar plantations.
  • 1600 The East India Company was founded. Its main object was to contest Spanish and Portuguese control of the spice trade, by trading directly with the East Indies (modern-day India and Indonesia).
-Spanish Armada:

The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in early summer 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. The strategic aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her establishment of Protestantism in England, with the expectation that this would put a stop to English interference in the Spanish Netherlands and to the harm caused to Spanish interests by English and Dutch privateering.

-Colonies:

In the 1570s and 1580s, Queen Elizabeth I granted royal permission to two Englishmen to colonise America.
As Spain had laid claim to much of South and Central America, England’s attention was directed to the eastern coast of North America. Sir Humphrey Gilbert led three unsuccessful attempts to establish a colony in America, but in 1583 was lost at sea while returning home.
The following year, Elizabeth granted a patent to his half-brother, Walter Ralegh, transferring Gilbert's rights to a large swathe of land on America's east coast.

-Scotish Kirk:

The Church of Scotland known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is the national church of Scotland. Protestant and Presbyterian, its longstanding decision to respect "liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith"[means it is tolerant of a variety of theological positions, including those who would term themselves conservative and liberal in their doctrine, ethics and interpretation of Scripture.

-Mary Queen of Scots:

Mary, Queen of Scots (December 8, 1542 to February 8, 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Queen Mary I, was the queen of Scotland from December 1542 until July 1567. The death of Mary’s father, which occurred just days after her birth, put her on the throne as an infant. She briefly became queen consort in France before returning to Scotland. Forced to abdicate by Scottish nobles in 1567, Mary sought the protection of England's Queen Elizabeth I, who instead had her arrested. Mary spent the remainder of her life in captivity until her 1587 execution.


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